Fig. 7

Patterns of antioxidant enzyme evolution in the Nematoda. Antioxidant enzymes evolve mainly through expansion, constriction, gain and loss, and pseudogenization in nematodes. The rose diagram shows the antioxidant enzyme family numbers inferred for the ancestors of nematodes and mammals. The circos plot depicts paired antioxidant enzymes in D. coronatus. The numbers in the node represent changes in the gene family relative to the last common node. The color of the number depicts different antioxidant enzymes. The brown dot shows the estimated divergence time retrieved from the TimeTree database and our previous study. Cartoon for species parasitic definitive host or intermediate host was the same to Fig. 2. See Additional file 1: Fig. S17 for detailed antioxidant enzyme numbers for the branches. Antioxidant enzymes in nematodes with red bold branches were detailly discussed