Fig. 3
From: Oxidative stress mediates thalidomide-induced pain by targeting peripheral TRPA1 and central TRPV4
Oxidative stress targets TRPA1 and TRPV4. a Typical traces and pooled data of patch-clamp inward currents elicited by thalidomide (Thal), pomalidomide (Poma) and lenalidomide (Lena) (all, 100 μM), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, 100 μM), 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD, 100 μM), capsaicin (CPS, 1 μM), or Veh in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 4–5 cells. *P < 0.05 vs. Veh. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. b, c Mechanical and cold allodynia at day 7 following the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thalidomide (Thal, 50 mg/kg) or Veh, and after the administration of phenyl-α-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or Veh. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 6 mice. *P < 0.05 vs. Veh Thal/Veh PBN; §P < 0.05 vs. Thal/Veh PBN. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. d Pooled data of Ca2+ response to AITC (10 μM), 4α-PDD (1 μM), or Veh hTRPA1-HEK293 and hTRPV4-HEK293 cells in the presence of PBN (30 μM). e Concentration response (Ca2+ mobilization)-curve to H2O2 in cultured hTRPA1- and mTRPA1-HEK293 and hTRPV4- and mTRPV4-HEK293 transfected cells. f Pooled data of Ca2+ response to H2O2 (500 μM and 5 mM) or Veh in untransfected HEK293 or hTRPA1-HEK293, hTRPV4-HEK293 cells in the presence of HC-030031 (HC03, 30 μM) or HC-067047 (HC06, 10 μM). g Pooled data of the Ca2+ response to H2O2 (5 mM) in hTRPV4-HEK293 cells in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT, 10 mM) or 2-mercaptoethanol (β-ME, 50 mM). h Pooled data of the Ca2+ response to H2O2 (500 μM) in DRG neurons from Trpa1+/+ and Trpa1−/− mice and H2O2 (5 and 10 mM) in DRG neurons from Trpa1−/− mice in the presence of HC06 (10 μM). Data are mean ± SEM, n = 20–25 neurons or 80–100 cells. *P < 0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. H2O2 (500 μM, 5 mM, or 10 mM). One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test