Fig. 4
From: Oxidative stress mediates thalidomide-induced pain by targeting peripheral TRPA1 and central TRPV4
Thalidomide increases oxidative stress in the hind paw, sciatic nerve, and spinal cord. a H2O2 levels in the hind paw, sciatic nerve, and lumbar (L4–L6) spinal cord at day 7 following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thalidomide (Thal, 50 mg/kg) or Veh and 60 min after the administration of phenyl-α-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or Veh. b, c Representative images and mean fluorescence intensity of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) staining in the hind paw, sciatic nerve, and lumbar (L4–L6) spinal cord and TRPA1 and TRPV4 staining in the spinal cord, at day 7 following Thal (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and 60 min after the administration of PBN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or Veh. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6 mice). *P < 0.05 vs. Veh Thal/Veh PBN; §P < 0.05 vs. Thal/Veh PBN. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test