Fig. 5
From: Oxidative stress mediates thalidomide-induced pain by targeting peripheral TRPA1 and central TRPV4
Peripheral TRPA1 and central TRPV4 contribute to thalidomide-induced mechanical allodynia. a, b Mechanical allodynia at day 7 following intraperitoneal (i.p.) thalidomide (Thal, 50 mg/kg) or Veh and after the administration of intraplantar (i.pl., 20 μl) or intrathecal (i.th., 5 μl) HC-030031 (HC03, 100 μg), HC-067047 (HC06, 100 μg), or Veh. c, d Mechanical allodynia at day 7 following Thal (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or Veh and after the administration of a combination of HC03 (100 μg, i.th.) and HC06 (100 μg, i.pl.) or HC06 (100 μg, i.th.) and HC03 (100 μg, i.pl.) or Veh. e Representative images of co-expression of PGP9.5 or S100 and TRPA1 in the peripheral nerve of hind paw. f Representative images of co-expression of CGRP or GFAP and TRPV4 in the lumbar (L4–L6) spinal cord. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 6 mice. *P < 0.05 vs. Veh Thal/Veh HC03/Veh HC06; §P < 0.05 vs. Thal/Veh HC03/Veh HC06. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test