Fig. 2

PDS treatment induced an increased BG4 signal in THP-1 cells. a Histogram plot of the BG4 signal distribution in THP-1 cells incubated with BG4 (black) or without antibody (white). b Microscopic images of IF using BG4 in untreated THP-1 cells and cells incubated 24 h with 25 μM or 50 μM PDS with the BG4 antibody (white signals). Nucleus border is defined by white borders. Scale bar, 10 μm. Below G4 levels are plotted as determined by fluorescence intensity of nuclei normalized over untreated cells. Results are based on the average of at least n = 3 biologically independent experiments. The horizontal gray line represents the mean value. Significance was determined using an ordinary one-way ANOVA multiple comparison (****p < 0.0001). c Histogram plot of the BG4 signal distribution in untreated THP-1 cells (white) or cells incubated 24 h with 25 μM (gray) or 50 μM (black) PDS. d Quantification of the BG4 signal distribution in untreated THP-1 cells and cells incubated 24 h with 25 μM or 50 μM PDS. Results are based on the average of at least n = 3 biologically independent experiments. Significance was calculated based on a one-sided Student’s t-test. Asterisks indicate statistical significance in comparison with wildtype cells: *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001. An excel file providing individual data values is available in the section “Availability of data and materials”