Fig. 1
Chromatin accessibilities of major immune cell types in PBMCs from OA, RA, and HD. a Schematic outline of the study design, depicting the workflow for ATAC-seq library construction of the immune cells from peripheral blood of OA patients, RA patients, and healthy donors, as well as the data analysis and experimental verification steps. b Principal component analysis based all chromatin accessible regions for all samples. Each dot is a sample, the samples in the figure are colour-coded by cell-type (top) and state (bottom). c Using a screening condition of FDR < 0.01, | log2 fold change | > 4 and p < 0.001 for a pairwise comparison between all samples, the heatmap shows the peak intensity of significantly different peaks after unsupervised clustering. Colour bars show the cell-type and state of samples. Unsupervised clustering of differential peaks is performed using K-means algorithm with the k value of 3. d Representation of selected disease ontology categories obtained from the analysis of cell type-specific (identified in Fig. 1c) chromatin accessible regions using the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT). HD, healthy donor; OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis