Fig. 2

Sex-specific regulation of phenoloxidase levels. a There were significant differences in PO activity throughout development, with levels near zero detected in male (blue) and female (red) pupae and virgin adult males, but detectable levels in (unsexed = black) larvae and high levels in virgin adult females. b PO activity measured on day 3 in females mated only on day 1 (100), days 1 and 2 (110), days 1 and 3 (101), or on all days (111) (open symbols). A second experiment measured PO activity for a random set of females assigned to treatments 100 and 001 (mated only on day three) (filled symbols). Female PO activity is reduced after mating but is then quickly restored (compare also to virgin females (i.e. 000 treatment) in a. Shown are means ± 1 SE and individual observations. PO activity was corrected for body mass by including mass as a covariate in all analyses but is here displayed as raw data since the mean amount of tissue in samples was similar for all groups