Fig. 1

Example waveforms of the acoustic stimuli used in the behavioral experiments. A Example of an honesty trial stimulus at 900 Hz with 0.042 ms jitter and + 0.083 ms offset (+: right ear leading, −: left ear leading). In honesty trials, all ITDs point in the same direction (in this example the right ear is always leading, even if the size of the ITD can vary between + 0.042 and + 0.125 ms). There is no ambiguity, and the rat will only be rewarded for responding on the appropriate side. B Example of a probe trial stimulus at 900 Hz with 0.125 ms jitter and 0 ms offset. The ITD for each binaural pulse was randomly chosen from the range of − 0.125 ms to + 0.125 ms. Since there was no a priori objectively correct response to probe trials, rats were rewarded in those trials irrespective of which side they responded on