Fig. 3

Genes with low expression variability and higher conservation tend to have high pleiotropy of expression. a Twenty-five kinds of tissues were each collected from each single adult medaka to avoid overlapping sampling and subjected to RNAseq to analyse the spatial pleiotropy of gene expression. Four adults were used for each tissue for this analysis as biological replicates. b The relationship between the number of expressed (mean TPM ≥ 1 among the four replicates) tissues and gene expression variation measured at st. 23.5 (left) is shown as a violin plot (left). The relationship between gene expression variation in the inbred twins (detected at st. 23.5) and intraspecies diversity is shown in the right panel. See also Additional file 1: Figure S7 for results obtained for the other stages. c Sixteen medaka developmental stages were used to analyse the relationship between expression variation and temporal pleiotropy. Previously published transcriptome data [39] (data on three biological replicates for each stage) were utilized. d The relationship between number of stages of expression (mean TPM ≥ 1 among the three replicates) and gene expression variation at st. 23.5 (left) is shown as a violin plot. A similar analysis against intraspecific diversity is shown in the right panel. In b and d, the violin plot represent genes within a 1.5× interquartile range, and the dot in the middle represents the median value. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and P values (test of no correlation) are shown in each plot