Fig. 5

Distribution patterns of final diversity hotspots, conservation effectiveness, and gaps. A Comprehensive hotspot grid cells obtained through the synthesis of top 5% richness algorithm and complementary algorithm. The red elliptic circles refer to the 9 diversity hotspot areas: 1. Hengduan Mountains (western Sichuan), 2. Bashan-Wushan Mountains, 3. Tianmu Mountain, 4. Hengduan Mountains (north-western Yunnan), 5. the junction area between Guizhou and Guangxi, 6. Nanling Mountains, 7. the Xishuangbanna region, 8. the boundary areas between Vietnam and China, 9. Hainan Island. B Conservation effectiveness and gaps of national nature reserves (NNRs), with conservation gaps of national nature reserves in black. C Conservation effectiveness and gaps of provincial nature reserves (PNRs), with conservation gaps of provincial nature reserves in black. D Conservation effectiveness and gaps of national nature reserves (NNRs) and provincial nature reserves (PNRs), with conservation gaps of national and provincial nature reserves in black