Fig. 3

Photobehavior of larvae, pupae and adult male mosquitoes. a–d Plate assay (a, b) and tray assay (c, d) to test photobehavior of larvae and pupae. a, c Assay schematic. Fifty larvae or pupae were released in the center of the testing plate/tray in each individual test. b, d Preference index of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus between illuminated and shaded environment (n = 150 larvae or pupae per group for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, n = 300 larvae or pupae per group for Cx. quinquefasciatus). e, f Y-maze assay (n = 250, 300, 250 males) (e) and tube assay (n = 200 males per species) (f) to test photobehavior of male mosquitoes. b–d Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Total number of larvae or pupae tested are indicated. e, f Dots represent PI of individual repeats, which includes over three biological repeats, with two technical replicates for each biological repeat. Total number of mosquitoes tested are indicated. b–f Photobehavior were analyzed using one sample t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001