Fig. 1

Structure, anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) activity, and cytotoxicity of gossypol derivatives. The experiments were performed on Vero E6 cells, and the cytotoxicity of gossypol derivatives in this cell line is expressed as 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀). The inhibitory activity of gossypol derivatives against infection of ZIKV human strain PAN2016 (2016/Panama) is expressed as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). IC₅₀, CC₅₀, and selectivity index (SI) values of gossypol and each of its derivatives are shown in the figure. The red shading (A) indicates that the aldehyde groups on the C8 and C8’ positions of gossypol are replaced by other groups, whereas the blue shading (B) shows that the free hydroxyl groups on the C7 and C7’ positions of gossypol core are modified. The data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.) of duplicate wells. The experiments were repeated twice with similar results