Fig. 6

Deletion analysis of the mitogenomes of pear and apple. a Distribution of F_ST values across the whole Asian and European pear populations. b Distribution of π_wild/π_cul ratios; cul means cultivated pear population; dotted regions represent the deletions (Pbre-D: from 183,739 to 199,800 bp) in P. betulifolia. c A deletion (DEL-D) was identified in P. betulifolia. The deletion sequence is further divided into three parts (Del1, Del2, and Del3). d, e Appearance times of Del1 (d) and Del3 (e) in the four pear groups. Red represents the samples not containing the deletion, and blue represents the samples containing the deletion. AC, Asian cultivated group; AW, Asian wild group; EC, European cultivated group; EW, European wild group. f Geographical distribution of 139 pear accessions. The main distribution areas are marked by circles. Blue indicates pears with the deletion, and red indicates pears without deletion. Triangles represent wild pears, and circles represent cultivated pears. g A deletion (DEL-M) is identified in M. sieversii which did not appear in M. sylvestris and M. domestica cv. “Gala.” This deletion is homologous with a sequence (185,690–192,355 bp) of “Dangshansuli.” h Appearance times of DEL-M in the four apple groups. Red represents the samples not containing the deletion, and blue represents the samples containing the deletion. Sie, M. sieversii; AW, Asian wild group; Dom, cultivated group; EW, European wild group. i Homologous sequences of Del1, Del2, and Del3 in 30 mitogenomes and nuclear genomes. The gray bar indicates no information was available. ORFs were identified using ORFfinder with a minimum length of 150 bp. j Putative dynamics of evolution and expansion of the deletion sequence during the divergence of Rosaceae species. AWp, Asian wild pear; ACp, Asian cultivated pears; Ep, European pears; AWm, Asian wild apples; ECm, European cultivated apples; EWm, European wild apples. P-values were determined by a two-tailed Student’s t-test (**P-value < 0.01)