Fig. 3

Effects of relative dietary macronutrient intake (relative to the required intake based on age, weight, height, sex and physical activity level; see Additional file 1: Text S4) on A liver/kidney function dysregulation, (GAM three-way smooth term: edf=9, Ref. df=9, F=3.8, p<0.001, Dev. Expl.=1.8%, n=1834), B micronutrient dysregulation, (GAM three-way smooth term: edf=9, Ref. df=9, F=2, p<0.05, Dev. Expl.=0.9%, n=1750), C PhenoAge (GAM three-way smooth term: edf=9, Ref. df=9, F=2, p<0.05, Dev. Expl.=0.9%, n=1834) and D biological age (GAM three-way smooth term: edf=9, Ref. df=9, F=2, p<0.05, Dev. Expl.=0.9%, n=1796) score as predicted by model 2. Surfaces across the top row show effects of protein (x-axis), and carbohydrate (y-axis) intake, those across the middle row protein and lipid, and the bottom row is carbohydrate and lipid. The third macronutrient is held at the values given on all panels. Warm colours indicate high dysregulation, and cool colours low dysregulation. All scores were Z-transformed to one SD, and surface colours are scaled such that deep blue and red represent values of at least −0.8 and 0.8 (conventionally considered an effect of large biological magnitude [46]). Individuals with a relative intake value of 100, eat 100% more of that macronutrient per day (in kJ) than is predicted to be typical for the population given their age, sex, weight, height and level of physical activity level. Conversely, individuals with a relative intake value of 0 would eat the required amount of that macronutrient per day