Fig. 5

Pathways of nitrogen assimilation mediated by core symbiotic bacteria in B. dorsalis. Nitrogen assimilation reactions in larvae are presented on the left of the broken blue line, and those in adults are presented on the right. All the genes involved in each of the reaction steps are listed at the centre of the tables. Core symbiotic bacteria were matched with these genes based on the DNA-seq (G) and RNA-seq (T) annotation results. The bar graphs (e–h) represent the functional contributions of bacteria in related pathways (i.e., proportions of steps involving bacteria among the total reaction steps). a (larvae) and b (adults) represent the reactions involved in BNF; c (larvae) and d (adults) represent the reactions involved in urea hydrolysis