Fig. 4

Quantifying the two opposite biases. A Estimated bias magnitudes in the Stimulus & Response model. Bias is negative for the previous stimulus and positive for the previous response, meaning that the estimation responses were repelled away from the previous stimulus and attracted toward the previous response. Both biases are highly significant, with the bias to the previous response being significantly larger in absolute magnitude than the bias away from the previous stimulus. B Estimated peak locations of the bias curves in the Stimulus & Response model. Bias away from the previous stimulus is more broadly tuned than the bias to the previous response. Bars represent the posterior estimate of the population mean, error bars represent 95% credible intervals, and dots connected with thin lines represent the parameter estimates for individual subjects. ***P < 0.001