Fig. 3

ERF49 affects heat stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. a The relative expression level of ERF49 in Arabidopsis seedlings after heat treatment for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min in a 42°C environment. b The relative expression level of ERF49 in three ERF49-overexpression transgenic lines. c The relative expression level of ERF49 in three ERF49-dominant-negative transgenic lines. d The phenotype of ERF49-overexpression and dominant-negative transgenic lines after heat stress treatment at 42°C for 0 h (top panel) and 3 h and recovery for 5 days (middle and bottom panels). The bottom panel shows the phenotype of 3 random seedlings in each ERF49 transgenic line in the middle panel graph. Col-0 is control. e The survival rates of ERF49 overexpression and dominant-negative transgenic lines after heat stress treatment at 42°C for 3 h and recovery for 5 days; 60–80 seedlings of each genotype from three biological replicates were counted. Col-0 is control. Asterisks represent statistical significance (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test). UBC30 was used as a reference gene. Numerical data is provided in Additional file 6. The experiments were repeated three times, error bars indicate standard deviation