Fig. 5

Regulatory elements (REs) are enriched for genomic variants of gene expression and complex traits. The fold enrichment of REs for genomic variants [39] (A), expression QTLs (eQTLs) detected from cattle liver [9] (B), and six categories of QTLs (including 489 complex traits) downloaded from the cattle QTL database [43] (C), based on 1000 bootstrapping test. D The P values of SNPs inside and outside of REs from GWAS summary datasets for protein percentage in cattle [3]. “*” indicates P < 0.05; “**” indicates P < 0.01; “****” indicates P < 0.0001; “ns” indicates P >0.05