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Fig. 4. | BMC Biology

Fig. 4.

From: Publication bias impacts on effect size, statistical power, and magnitude (Type M) and sign (Type S) errors in ecology and evolutionary biology

Fig. 4.

The percentage of ecology and evolutionary meta-analyses showing evidence of publication bias. A A small-study effect (i.e. small non-statistically significant effects and small statistically significant effects of opposite direction to the overall effect are underrepresented). B A decline effect (the magnitude of effect sizes changes over time). See more details in the legend of Fig. 3. All figures were drawn using the geom_bar() function in ggplot2 R package (version 3.3.5) [61]

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BMC Biology

ISSN: 1741-7007

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