Fig. 6

The effect of protease inhibitors on acidification-induced amyloid fibril formation by the IgLCs. A Inhibition of the proteases (mainly cathepsins) prevents sequence cleavage of the IgLCs and leads to virtually no amyloid fibril formation. B ThT fluorescence aggregation assay of the IgLC samples (35 μM monomer concentration) at pH 3 in the presence of 10 μM pepstatin A and 10 μM E-64 measured in a high-binding surface plate at 37°C (average of two repeats). C The light chains were analysed by non-reducing SDS-PAGE after incubation for 50 h with (+) and without (−) inhibitors. D AFM height images of the products of the aggregation assay after 50 h. The image size is 2 × 2 μm. The colour range represents the height from −1 to ~5 nm