Fig. 6

P. distasonis modulated the tryptophan metabolism in vivo and in vitro. A The levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives in rat serum among all groups (control: n = 6, model: n = 7, PPd: n = 7, TPd: n = 6). Each dot shows the value from each independent replicate. B The levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives in rat feces among all groups (n = 7 per group). Each dot shows the value from each independent replicate. C The levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives in the culture extract of P. distasonis fermented (n = 6 per group). Each dot shows the value from each independent replicate. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences were assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test. Significance was established at adjusted P < 0.05 with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05