Fig. 5

Identification of immune cell subclusters in the human tendon. A t-SNE visualization of different types of immune cells in the human tendon. B Per-sample bar plots visualize the immune cell percentage changes between the normal and diseased groups. C Summarized immune cell percentage changes. D t-SNE visualization of macrophages of the normal/diseased group. E t-SNE visualization of M1 score (left) and M2 score (right) of macrophages. F M1 (left) and M2 (right) score of macrophages in normal/diseased tendon by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA). G Volcano plots displaying the DEGs in Mac between the normal group and the diseased group. Red dots, differentially upregulated genes; blue dots, differentially downregulated genes; gray dots, non-differentially expressed genes. H GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in Mac between a normal tendon and a diseased tendon. I Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of representative signaling pathways related to ossification in Mac of normal and diseased samples. J Violin plots showing representative DEGs between macrophages in normal tendons and macrophages in diseased tendons. Two-sided unpaired t-test, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001