Fig. 1

Geographic distribution and population genetic analyses of Dipus jerboas in deserts of China. A Sampling sites of 83 Dipus jerboas in China desert region covering 8 geographical populations. The elevation (m) of the study area is also visualized. B Geographic variation of the annual mean precipitation (mm). Precipitation data from 1961 to 2019 were downloaded from the WorldClim database (https://www.worldclim.org/, last accessed March 18, 2022). The 200 mm average annual precipitation line is also visualized. C Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree based on whole-genome SNPs using p-distances between individuals. The long-eared jerboa, Euchoreutes naso, is used as an outgroup. The number beside the tree nodes indicates the bootstrap value. D NJ tree based on the mitochondrial genome of all 83 Dipus individuals. E Principal components analysis of 83 Dipus individuals based on whole-genome SNPs. F Population genetic structure of the 83 Dipus jerboas inferred from the program sNMF v.1.2. The length of each color segment represents the proportion of the individual genome inferred from ancestral populations (K= 5-6, which had a low cross-validation error). See supplementary Table s1, Supplementary Material online for the abbreviations of the geographical populations and individuals