Fig. 4
Genomic regions with strong selective signals in the genome of Dipus sowerbyi from the hyper-arid desert environment. Distribution of the A fixation indices (FST) and B π-ratio values calculated in 100-kb sliding windows with 50-kb steps. The horizontal blue lines above the figure represent the top 5% threshold with A FST > 0.18 and B π-ratio > 0.98. The candidate genes shown in A and B are closely related to hyper-arid desert adaptation, with functions related to energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. C Distribution of log2(π-ratios) and FST values calculated in 100-kb sliding windows with 50-kb increments between hyper-arid desert group and the control semi-desert group. Data points in blue (corresponding to the top 5% of the empirical log2(π-ratios) values and the top 5% of the empirical FST values) are genomic regions under selection in the hyper-arid desert group. D Log2(π-ratios) and FST values were calculated using VCFtools for each 50-kb sliding window with 25-kb increment around the gene DMXL2. E Allele frequencies of six missense mutations within the DMXL2 gene between hyper-arid desert group and semi-desert group