Fig. 4

LF feeding deficiency during lactation affects the development of hippocampus in 18-day old and adult mice. A The brain index of 18-day-old mice in wt-wt and ko-wt group. B The representative H.E staining of hippocampus (50 × , scale bar = 500 μm), hippocampus CA1 and DG region (200 × , scale bar = 100 μm) in 18-day-old mice. A-B, n = 8–9. (C)Principal components analysis (PCA) of hippocampus RNAseq in 18-day-old mice. (D)Differential gene expression between wt-wt group and ko-wt group mice (18-day-old), (P value < 0.05, fold change ≥ 2). E KEGG functional annotation analysis of differential genes in 18-day-old mice. F, G The clustering heatmap of immune, nervous development response-related DEGs between wt-wt group and ko-wt group (18-day-old). H Expression of nervous signal transduction related genes in 18-day old mice RNAseq. I Expression of immune related genes in the hippocampus of adult mice. J Expression of nervous development related genes in the hippocampus of adult mice. K Expression of nervous signal transduction related genes in the hippocampus of adult mice. C-H, n = 3. (I)-(K), n = 7–8, Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons and two-tailed t test for normally distributed data, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test for non-normally distributed data, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001