Fig. 6

Lactation LF feeding deficiency mice show more severe intestinal damage and gut microbial disorders in DSS model. A Changes in body weight of male mice in DSS model within 7 days. B Changes in body weight of female mice in DSS model within 7 days. C DAI scores of male mice during 7 days of DSS-induced colitis experiments. D DAI scores of female mice during 7 days of DSS-induced colitis experiments. A-D Repeated measures two-way ANOVA test. n = 8. E Survival rate of mice in DSS model. n = 8. F Colon length of mice in DSS model. n = 7–8. G H.E stain colonic tissue sections and crypt depth of DSS model mice, 200 × , scale bar = 100 μm. n = 5–8. H–K The level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 in colon tissue of DSS model mice. n = 5–8. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. F-K Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons and two-tailed t test for normally distributed data, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test for non-normally distributed data, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. L Alpha diversity index difference analysis in DSS model: Shannon index, Chao index. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. M Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of bacterial β-diversity based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index in DSS model and evaluated using ANOSIM. N Composition of microbial community at phylum level in DSS model. O Student’s t-test on Phylum level in DSS model. P Linear discriminant analysis (LDA > 3) scores derived from LEfSe analysis at genus level. L-P n = 6–8, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001