Fig. 4

Genetic connection and affinity among HM Speakers. a The fineSTRUCTURE-based dendrogram showed the phylogenetic relationship among 25 HM-speaking populations in China. b Model-based ADMIXTURE with three predefined ancestral sources showed a consistent clustering pattern with fineSTRUCTURE results. The lowest cross-validation error value was observed when K = 3. The dusty-blue ancestral component was maximized in the FJS people, the dark-blue ancestral component was maximized in the SCM people, and the red ancestral component was enriched in the GZY people. c The box plot showed the results of runs of homozygosity of Chinese HM people. d–g The genetic connection among Chinese Miao, Yao and She people showed their interaction status based on the high-density Illumina dataset. h–k Shared IBD among all included HM people was estimated using the low-density merged HO dataset. h The dot and label showed the geographical position of HM people. The color of the lines indicates the summed IBD length, and the redder and thicker the lines, the longer the total length of the shared IBD