Figure 4

Using feedback to adjust cholinergic input allows clamping of network synchrony at low levels, but not indefinitely. a) One closed-loop experiment. Network activity was clamped to a desynchronized activity state (Sync Ratio =0.05). The Sync Ratio, calculated online, is shown as a grey line (corresponding to the left vertical y-axis) and after smoothing with a five-point kernel (black). The inter application interval (IAI), calculated online is shown as an orange line (corresponding to the right vertical y-axis). Each red dot denotes a single ACh application, and the actual time difference from the previous application. The Sync Ratio value preceding the first ACh application is indicated as a dashed gray line. b) Enlarged one-hour sections of the plot in a, from early (left) and late (right) stages of the experiment. Red arrows denote application times. c) Three additional closed-loop experiments, in which the Sync Ratio was clamped to 0.05. Firing rates for each of the closed-loop experiments are shown in Additional file 8: Figure S7. ACh, acetylcholine.