Fig. 2.

Factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) of 150 Hermetia illucens populations. Population ‘barycentres’ labelled according to provenance status and subcontinent of origin are projected in multidimensional space based on FCA axes 1 and 2 (panel a) and axes 2 and 3 (panel b), which together explain 22.2% of the total variance. Individual-based multivariate ordination according to population provenance nested within subcontinent is shown as a complementary analysis in Figure S4, Additional file 2.