Fig. 4
From: The velvet worm brain unveils homologies and evolutionary novelties across panarthropods
Organisation of brain neuropils in E. rowelli revealed by anti-synapsin immunolabelling. Confocal laser scanning micrographs of frontal vibratome sections. Dorsal is up in all images. Anti-synapsin immunoreactivity (glow) and DNA labelling (blue) in anterior (a), median (b), and posterior sections (c) through the left brain hemisphere. Note strong immunoreactivity in the ponticulus in a and near lack thereof in b. Also note strongest immunoreactivity in μ-lobe as opposed to weakest immunoreactivity in δ-lobe (c) of mushroom body. Arrowheads (b) point to discontinuous row of somata between mushroom body lobes. ANP, antennal neuropil; CB, central body; CB-IL, inner lamina of central body; CB-OL, outer lamina of central body; CBR, cell body rind; δ, dorsal or δ-lobe of mushroom body; E-ONP, extracerebral part of optic neuropil; FB, frontal body; HO, hypocerebral organ; λ, lateral or λ-lobe of mushroom body; μ, median lobe or μ-lobe of mushroom body; MG, macroglomerulus; OLF 4, olfactory fascicle 4; OLG, olfactory glomeruli; PDN, posterior dorsal neuropil; PNT, ponticulus; SAN, subantennal neuropil; v, ventral or v-lobe of mushroom body; VH, ventral horn; PVN, posterior ventral neuropil. Scale bars: 50 μm