Fig. 8

The catalytic efficiency of the resurrected ancestral AIDs. A Primary sequence alignment of predicted ancestral AID of four ancestral nodes: the common ancestor of Gadidae group (Gd-ANC); the common ancestor of Gadidae sister group (Gds-ANC); the common ancestor of Gadiformes lineage (Gf-ANC); and the common ancestor of Zeiogadaria group (Zg-ANC). Any amino acid positions with less than 0.8 probability were synthesized as mutants. Amino acids are colored based on their chemical properties as indicated in the bottom right corner legends. B The ancestral AID enzymes were expressed and purified and biochemically analyzed. For each resurrected ancestral AID, Michaelis–Menten kinetics was performed under its determined optimal pH and temperature conditions. C Schematic representation of the catalytic efficiency of predicted ancestral AIDs examined in this report. The same color scheme as Fig. 7 and as shown on the bottom right (green to red: highest to lowest catalytic efficiency) was used to assign a color code to the ancestral AIDs based on their catalytic efficiency