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  1. Insects live in almost every habitat on earth. To adapt to their diverse environments, insects have developed a myriad of different strategies for reproduction reflected in diverse anatomical and behavioral fe...

    Authors: Heng Zhang, Feng Guang Goh, Lee Ching Ng, Chun Hong Chen and Yu Cai
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:11
  2. Regulatory T cells (Treg) in diverse species include CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In all species, CD8+ Treg have been only partially characterized and there is no rat model in which CD4+ and CD8+ FOXP3+ Treg are geneti...

    Authors: Séverine Ménoret, Laurent Tesson, Séverine Remy, Victor Gourain, Céline Sérazin, Claire Usal, Aude Guiffes, Vanessa Chenouard, Laure-Hélène Ouisse, Malika Gantier, Jean-Marie Heslan, Cynthia Fourgeux, Jeremie Poschmann, Carole Guillonneau and Ignacio Anegon
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:8
  3. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Although...

    Authors: Andrea Orús-Alcalde, Aina Børve and Andreas Hejnol
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:7
  4. Methods for the long-term in situ transduction of the unperturbed murine intestinal epithelium have not been developed in past research. Such a method could speed up functional studies and screens to identify ...

    Authors: George B. Garside, Madeline Sandoval, Slobodan Beronja and K. Lenhard Rudolph
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:6
  5. Eusociality is widely considered to evolve through kin selection, where the reproductive success of an individual’s close relative is favored at the expense of its own. High genetic relatedness is thus conside...

    Authors: Samuel D. Robinson, Vanessa Schendel, Christina I. Schroeder, Sarah Moen, Alexander Mueller, Andrew A. Walker, Naomi McKinnon, G. Gregory Neely, Irina Vetter, Glenn F. King and Eivind A. B. Undheim
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:5
  6. Camponotus floridanus ant colonies are comprised of a single reproductive queen and thousands of sterile female offspring that consist of two morphologically distinct castes: smaller minors and larger majors. Min...

    Authors: S. T. Ferguson, I. Bakis, N. D. Edwards and L. J. Zwiebel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:3
  7. The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a serious global underground pest. Its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its polyphagy and ability to migrate long distances, contribute to its widening distribution an...

    Authors: Minghui Jin, Bo Liu, Weigang Zheng, Conghui Liu, Zhenxing Liu, Yuan He, Xiaokang Li, Chao Wu, Ping Wang, Kaiyu Liu, Shigang Wu, Hangwei Liu, Swapan Chakrabarty, Haibin Yuan, Kenneth Wilson, Kongming Wu…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:2
  8. Prolonged cellular activity may overload cell function, leading to high rates of protein synthesis and accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins, which cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activ...

    Authors: Amina Aboufares El Alaoui, Edgar Buhl, Sabrina Galizia, James J. L. Hodge, Luisa de Vivo and Michele Bellesi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2023 21:1
  9. Laterality in relation to behavior and sensory systems is found commonly in a variety of animal taxa. Despite the advantages conferred by laterality (e.g., the startle response and complex motor activities), l...

    Authors: Vânia Filipa Lima Fernandes, Yannik Glaser, Motoko Iwashita and Masato Yoshizawa
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:295
  10. SMYD3, a member of the SET and MYND domain-containing (SMYD) family, is a histone methyltransferase (HMT) and transcription factor that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation in human carcinogen...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Rongfang Qiu, Siyu Zhao, Lin Shen, Bufu Tang, Qiaoyou Weng, Ziwei Xu, Liyun Zheng, Weiqian Chen, Gaofeng Shu, Yajie Wang, Zhongwei Zhao, Minjiang Chen and Jiansong Ji
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:294
  11. Antibody affinity maturation in vertebrates requires the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which initiates secondary antibody diversification by mutating the immunoglobulin loci. AID-driven an...

    Authors: Atefeh Ghorbani, S. Javad Khataeipour, Monica H. Solbakken, David N. G. Huebert, Minasadat Khoddami, Khalil Eslamloo, Cassandra Collins, Tiago Hori, Sissel Jentoft, Matthew L. Rise and Mani Larijani
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:293
  12. The ongoing adaptation of plants to their environment is the basis for their survival. In this adaptation, mechanoperception of gravity and local curvature plays a role of prime importance in finely regulating...

    Authors: Ophélie Léger, Frédérick Garcia, Mehdi Khafif, Sebastien Carrere, Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier, Aroune Duclos, Vincent Tournat, Eric Badel, Marie Didelon, Aurélie Le Ru, Sylvain Raffaele and Adelin Barbacci
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:292
  13. Despite a global prevalence of photosynthetic organisms in the ocean’s mesophotic zone (30–200+ m depth), the mechanisms that enable photosynthesis to proceed in this low light environment are poorly defined. ...

    Authors: Sofie E. Voerman, Arvydas Ruseckas, Graham A. Turnbull, Ifor D. W. Samuel and Heidi L. Burdett
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:291
  14. Animals form complex symbiotic associations with their gut microbes, whose evolution is determined by an intricate network of host and environmental factors. In many insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster, the ...

    Authors: Elisa Maritan, Marialaura Gallo, Dagmar Srutkova, Anna Jelinkova, Oldrich Benada, Olga Kofronova, Nuno F. Silva-Soares, Tomas Hudcovic, Isaac Gifford, Jeffrey E. Barrick, Martin Schwarzer and Maria Elena Martino
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:290
  15. Coleoid cephalopods have distinctive neural and morphological characteristics compared to other invertebrates. Early studies reported massive genomic rearrangements occurred before the split of octopus and squ...

    Authors: Dianhang Jiang, Qun Liu, Jin Sun, Shikai Liu, Guangyi Fan, Lihua Wang, Yaolei Zhang, Inge Seim, Shucai An, Xin Liu, Qi Li and Xiaodong Zheng
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:289
  16. Many echinoderms form seasonal aggregations prior to spawning. In some fecund species, a spawning event can lead to population outbreaks with detrimental ecosystem impacts. For instance, outbreaks of crown-of-...

    Authors: Mathias Jönsson, Marie Morin, Conan K. Wang, David J. Craik, Sandie M. Degnan and Bernard M. Degnan
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:288
  17. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by sustained inflammation and/or ulcers along the lower digestive tract, and have complications such as colorectal cancer and inflammation in other organs....

    Authors: Zecheng Luo, Zihao Li, Zheng Liang, Lin Wang, Guanlin He, Dongdi Wang, Lei Shen, Zhengting Wang, Xiuying Ma, Funeng Geng, Haozhong Wang, Wenping Liu, Huijuan Liu and Baojie Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:287
  18. Ordered transposon-insertion collections, in which specific transposon-insertion mutants are stored as monocultures in a genome-scale collection, represent a promising tool for genetic dissection of human gut ...

    Authors: Heidi A. Arjes, Jiawei Sun, Hualan Liu, Taylor H. Nguyen, Rebecca N. Culver, Arianna I. Celis, Sophie Jean Walton, Kimberly S. Vasquez, Feiqiao Brian Yu, Katherine S. Xue, Daniel Newton, Ricardo Zermeno, Meredith Weglarz, Adam Deutschbauer, Kerwyn Casey Huang and Anthony L. Shiver
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:285
  19. Vector-borne viral diseases threaten human and wildlife worldwide. Vectors are often viewed as a passive syringe injecting the virus. However, to survive, replicate and spread, viruses must manipulate vector b...

    Authors: Nurit Eliash, Miyuki Suenaga and Alexander S. Mikheyev
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:284
  20. Like most living organisms, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits strong and diverse behavioural reactions to light. Drosophila is a diurnal animal that displays both short- and long-term responses to li...

    Authors: Thiago C. Moulin, Sovik Dey, Giovanna Dashi, Lei Li, Vaasudevan Sridhar, Tania Safa, Samuel Berkins, Michael J. Williams and Helgi B. Schiöth
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:283
  21. As well known to any photographer, controlling the “field of view” offers an extremely powerful mechanism by which to adjust target acquisition. Only a few natural sensory systems can actively control their fi...

    Authors: Ofri Eitan, Mor Taub, Arjan Boonman, Amir Zviran, Vladimir Tourbabin, Anthony J. Weiss and Yossi Yovel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:282
  22. Sex differences ranging from physiological functions to pathological disorders are developmentally hard-wired in a broad range of animals, from invertebrates to humans. These differences ensure that animals ca...

    Authors: Xue Liu, Xiaolong Feng, Hongren Huang, Kang Huang, Yang Xu, Shuwei Ye, Yu-Ting Tseng, Pengfei Wei, Liping Wang and Feng Wang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:281
  23. The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants, playing a vital role in their nutrition and providing products for humans. In newborn suckling ruminants milk bypasses the rumen, while in adults this first chambe...

    Authors: Jia-Jin Wu, Senlin Zhu, Yi-Fan Tang, Fengfei Gu, Jian-Xin Liu and Hui-Zeng Sun
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:280
  24. Male-derived seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) that enter female fruitflies during mating induce a myriad of physiological and behavioral changes, optimizing fertility of the mating pair. Some post-mating changes ...

    Authors: Snigdha Misra, Norene A. Buehner, Akanksha Singh and Mariana F. Wolfner
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:279
  25. In insects, an interplay between the activities of distinct hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), regulates the progression through numerous life history hallmarks. As a crucial...

    Authors: Zhaoxin Li, Caisheng Zhou, Yumei Chen, Wentao Ma, Yunlong Cheng, Jinxin Chen, Yu Bai, Wei Luo, Na Li, Erxia Du and Sheng Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:278
  26. During their lifetime, animals must adapt their behavior to survive in changing environments. This ability requires the nervous system to undergo adjustments at distinct temporal scales, from short-term dynami...

    Authors: Friedrich Preusser, Anika Neuschulz, Jan Philipp Junker, Nikolaus Rajewsky and Stephan Preibisch
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:277
  27. Decidualization refers to the process of transformation of endometrial stromal fibroblast cells into specialized decidual stromal cells that provide a nutritive and immunoprivileged matrix essential for blasto...

    Authors: Jia-Wei Shi, Zhen-Zhen Lai, Hui-Li Yang, Wen-Jie Zhou, Xiao-Ya Zhao, Feng Xie, Song-Ping Liu, Wei-Dong Chen, Tao Zhang, Jiang-Feng Ye, Xiang-Yu Zhou and Ming-Qing Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:276
  28. Escalation in industrialization and anthropogenic activity have resulted in an increase of pollutants released into the environment. Of these pollutants, heavy metals such as copper are particularly concerning...

    Authors: Llewellyn Green, Marta Coronado-Zamora, Santiago Radío, Gabriel E. Rech, Judit Salces-Ortiz and Josefa González
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:275
  29. Root development and function have central roles in plant adaptation to the environment. The modification of root traits has additionally been a major driver of crop performance since the green revolution; how...

    Authors: Dan Feng, Zhe Liang, Yifan Wang, Jiaying Yao, Zan Yuan, Guihua Hu, Ruihong Qu, Shang Xie, Dongwei Li, Liwen Yang, Xinai Zhao, Yanfei Ma, Jan U. Lohmann and Xiaofeng Gu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:274
  30. Insights into the genetic basis of complex traits and disease in both human and livestock species have been achieved over the past decade through detection of genetic variants in genome-wide association studie...

    Authors: Siqian Chen, Shuli Liu, Shaolei Shi, Yifan Jiang, Mingyue Cao, Yongjie Tang, Wenlong Li, Jianfeng Liu, Lingzhao Fang, Ying Yu and Shengli Zhang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:273
  31. Genes, principal units of genetic information, vary in complexity and evolutionary history. Less-complex genes (e.g., long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expressing genes) readily emerge de novo from non-genic sequen...

    Authors: Jan Petrzilek, Josef Pasulka, Radek Malik, Filip Horvat, Shubhangini Kataruka, Helena Fulka and Petr Svoboda
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:272
  32. Recently, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered to play crucial roles in various biological processes and have great potential for developing cancer therapeutics and biomedicine. However,...

    Authors: Dokyung Jeong, Min Jeong Kim, Yejin Park, Jinkyoung Chung, Hee-Seok Kweon, Nae-Gyu Kang, Seung Jin Hwang, Sung Hun Youn, Bo Kyoung Hwang and Doory Kim
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:270
  33. Double-strand break repair (DSBR) is a highly regulated process involving dozens of proteins acting in a defined order to repair a DNA lesion that is fatal for any living cell. Model organisms such as Saccharomyc...

    Authors: Nadia Vertti-Quintero, Ethan Levien, Lucie Poggi, Ariel Amir, Guy-Franck Richard and Charles N. Baroud
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:269
  34. N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) is one of the N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) that mediate quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria. In addition to bacterial communication, AHL are invol...

    Authors: Abhishek Shrestha, Casandra Hernández-Reyes, Maja Grimm, Johannes Krumwiede, Elke Stein, Sebastian T. Schenk and Adam Schikora
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:268
  35. Several protists have evolved the ability to perforate the cell walls of algae and fungi to specifically feed on their cell contents. These phagotrophic “protoplast feeders” represent an interesting mechanisti...

    Authors: Jannika Moye, Tobias Schenk and Sebastian Hess
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:267
  36. The symbiotic relationship between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is one of the most widespread endosymbiosis in our oceans and provides the ecological basis of coral reef ecosystems. Although many studies hav...

    Authors: Kashif Nawaz, Maha J. Cziesielski, Kiruthiga G. Mariappan, Guoxin Cui and Manuel Aranda
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:265
  37. The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted medical and socioeconomic havoc, and despite the current availability of vaccines and broad implementation of vaccination programs, more easily accessible and cos...

    Authors: Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling, Denise Mennerich, Corinna Schuler, Roman Sakson, Julia K. Lill, Siva Swapna Kasarla, Dominik Kopczynski, Stefan Loroch, Yulia Flores-Martinez, Benjamin Katschinski, Kerstin Wohlgemuth, Matthias Gunzer, Folker Meyer, Prasad Phapale, Ulf Dittmer, Albert Sickmann…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:264
  38. Deep-learning–based image segmentation models are required for accurate processing of high-throughput timelapse imaging data of bacterial cells. However, the performance of any such model strictly depends on t...

    Authors: Georgeos Hardo, Maximilian Noka and Somenath Bakshi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:263
  39. During range expansion in spatially distributed habitats, organisms differ from one another in terms of their patterns of localization versus propagation. To exploit locations or explore the landscape? This is...

    Authors: Miles T. Wetherington, Krisztina Nagy, László Dér, Ágnes Ábrahám, Janneke Noorlag, Peter Galajda and Juan E. Keymer
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:262
  40. Folate is an essential B-group vitamin and a key methyl donor with important biological functions including DNA methylation regulation. Normal neurodevelopment and physiology are sensitive to the cellular fola...

    Authors: Xiguang Xu, Zachary Johnson, Amanda Wang, Rachel L. Padget, James W. Smyth and Hehuang Xie
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:261
  41. One of the ways genomes respond to stress is by producing extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs). EccDNAs can contain genes and dramatically increase their copy number. They can also reinsert into the genome...

    Authors: Pierre M. Joubert and Ksenia V. Krasileva
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:260
  42. Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are tandemly repeated non-coding DNA sequences that belong to the most abundant and the fastest evolving parts of the eukaryotic genome. A satellitome represents the collection of diff...

    Authors: Evelin Despot-Slade, Saša Širca, Brankica Mravinac, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Miroslav Plohl and Nevenka Meštrović
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:259
  43. Commensal microorganisms have a significant impact on the physiology of host animals, including Drosophila. Lactobacillus and Acetobacter, the two most common commensal bacteria in Drosophila, stimulate fly devel...

    Authors: Jaegeun Lee, Hyun Myoung Yun, Gangsik Han, Gang Jun Lee, Che Ok Jeon and Seogang Hyun
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:258
  44. RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are non-canonical structural motifs that have diverse functional and regulatory roles, for instance in transcription termination, alternative splicing, mRNA localization and stabiliza...

    Authors: Jieyu Zhao, Eugene Yui-Ching Chow, Pui Yan Yeung, Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang, Ting-Fung Chan and Chun Kit Kwok
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:257
  45. Plants are continuously challenged with biotic stress from environmental pathogens, and precise regulation of defense responses is critical for plant survival. Defense systems require considerable amounts of e...

    Authors: Qin Zhou, Yingnan Sun, Xiwang Zhao, Yue Yu, Weijia Cheng, Li Lu, Zhaohui Chu and Xiangsong Chen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:256
  46. Combinatorial gene regulation by multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) is widespread and closely spaced target sites often act cooperatively to achieve stronger repression (“neighborhood” miRNA cotargeting). While miRNA...

    Authors: Hiroki Kitai, Noritoshi Kato, Koichi Ogami, Shintaro Komatsu, Yu Watanabe, Seiko Yoshino, Eri Koshi, Shoma Tsubota, Yoshio Funahashi, Takahiro Maeda, Kazuhiro Furuhashi, Takuji Ishimoto, Tomoki Kosugi, Shoichi Maruyama, Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi I. Suzuki
    Citation: BMC Biology 2022 20:248