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  1. In mammals, the slow-oscillations of neuronal membrane potentials (reflected in the electroencephalogram as high-amplitude, slow-waves), which occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and anesthesia, propagat...

    Authors: Gabriël JL Beckers, Jacqueline van der Meij, John A Lesku and Niels C Rattenborg
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:16
  2. Although technical advances in genomics and proteomics research have yielded a better understanding of the coding capacity of a genome, one major challenge remaining is the identification of all expressed prot...

    Authors: Megan Ericson, Michael A Janes, Falk Butter, Matthias Mann, Elisabetta Ullu and Christian Tschudi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:14
  3. The habenula and the thalamus are two critical nodes in the forebrain circuitry and they connect the midbrain and the cerebral cortex in vertebrates. The habenula is derived from the epithalamus and rests dors...

    Authors: Mallika Chatterjee, Qiuxia Guo, Sabrina Weber, Steffen Scholpp and James YH Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:13
  4. The Drosophila abnormal wing discs (awd) belongs to a highly conserved family of genes implicated in metastasis suppression, metabolic homeostasis and epithelial morphogenesis. The cellular function of the mammal...

    Authors: Marilena Ignesti, Marilena Barraco, Gouthami Nallamothu, Julie A Woolworth, Serena Duchi, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Valeria Cavaliere and Tien Hsu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:12
  5. Among the most common pollutants that enter the environment after passing municipal wastewater treatment are estrogens, especially the synthetic 17α-ethinylestradiol that is used in oral contraceptives. Estrog...

    Authors: Claus Wedekind
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:10
  6. Planktonic ciliated larvae are characteristic for the life cycle of marine invertebrates. Their most prominent feature is the apical organ harboring sensory cells and neurons of largely undetermined function. ...

    Authors: Heather Marlow, Maria Antonietta Tosches, Raju Tomer, Patrick R Steinmetz, Antonella Lauri, Tomas Larsson and Detlev Arendt
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:7
  7. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a polyvalent tool that allows biological and mechanical studies of full living microorganisms, and therefore the comprehension of molecular mechanisms at the nanoscale level. B...

    Authors: Flavien Pillet, Stéphane Lemonier, Marion Schiavone, Cécile Formosa, Hélène Martin-Yken, Jean Marie Francois and Etienne Dague
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:6
  8. The metacestode of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a lethal zoonosis. Infections are initiated through establishment of parasite larvae within the inter...

    Authors: Sarah Hemer, Christian Konrad, Markus Spiliotis, Uriel Koziol, Dominik Schaack, Sabine Förster, Verena Gelmedin, Britta Stadelmann, Thomas Dandekar, Andrew Hemphill and Klaus Brehm
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:5
  9. At the beginning of the transcription process, the RNA polymerase (RNAP) core enzyme requires a σ-factor to recognize the genomic location at which the process initiates. Although the crucial role of σ-factors...

    Authors: Byung-Kwan Cho, Donghyuk Kim, Eric M Knight, Karsten Zengler and Bernhard O Palsson
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:4
  10. Treated effluents from wastewater treatment works can comprise a large proportion of the flow of rivers in the developed world. Exposure to these effluents, or the steroidal estrogens they contain, feminizes w...

    Authors: Patrick B Hamilton, Elizabeth Nicol, Eliane SR De-Bastos, Richard J Williams, John P Sumpter, Susan Jobling, Jamie R Stevens and Charles R Tyler
    Citation: BMC Biology 2014 12:1
  11. Genome-wide assays performed in Arabidopsis and other organisms have revealed that the translation status of mRNAs responds dramatically to different environmental stresses and genetic lesions in the translation ...

    Authors: Bayu Sisay Tiruneh, Byung-Hoon Kim, Daniel R Gallie, Bijoyita Roy and Albrecht G von Arnim
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:123
  12. The development of new drugs against tuberculosis and diphtheria is focused on disrupting the biogenesis of the cell wall, the unique architecture of which confers resistance against current therapies. The enz...

    Authors: Meike Baumgart, Kerstin Luder, Shipra Grover, Cornelia Gätgens, Gurdyal S Besra and Julia Frunzke
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:122
  13. ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) family genes play an important role in the regulation of cold tolerance pathways. In an earlier study, we isolated the gene CdICE1 from Chrysanthemum dichrum and demonstrated that ...

    Authors: Yu Chen, Jiafu Jiang, Aiping Song, Sumei Chen, Hong Shan, Huolin Luo, Chunsun Gu, Jing Sun, Lu Zhu, Weimin Fang and Fadi Chen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:121
  14. The lag phase of bacterial growth is important from a medical and food safety perspective, but difficult to study due to the low density and metabolic rate of cells. A new study by Alon and colleagues reveals ...

    Authors: Daniel Schultz and Roy Kishony
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:120
  15. Embryonic lung development is instructed by crosstalk between mesenchyme and epithelia, which results in activation of transcriptional factors, such as Sox9, in a temporospatial manner. Sox9 is expressed in both ...

    Authors: Gianluca Turcatel, Nicole Rubin, Douglas B Menke, Gary Martin, Wei Shi and David Warburton
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:117
  16. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is activated by cellular stress. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induce the activation of the kinase ATM, which stabilizes p53 and activates its transcriptional activity. Singl...

    Authors: Alexander Loewer, Ketki Karanam, Caroline Mock and Galit Lahav
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:114
  17. Reciprocal interactions between lung mesenchymal and epithelial cells play essential roles in lung organogenesis and homeostasis. Although the molecular markers and related animal models that target lung epith...

    Authors: Wenming Zhang, Douglas B Menke, Meisheng Jiang, Hui Chen, David Warburton, Gianluca Turcatel, Chi-Han Lu, Wei Xu, Yongfeng Luo and Wei Shi
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:111
  18. Neural crest defects lead to congenital heart disease involving outflow tract malformation. Integrin-linked-kinase (ILK) plays important roles in multiple cellular processes and embryogenesis. ILK is expressed...

    Authors: Xiuqin Dai, Weijian Jiang, Qingquan Zhang, Lian Xu, Peng Geng, Shaowei Zhuang, Brian G Petrich, Cizhong Jiang, Luying Peng, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Sylvia M Evans, Yunfu Sun, Ju Chen and Xingqun Liang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:107
  19. The next big challenge in human genetics is understanding the 98% of the genome that comprises non-coding DNA. Hidden in this DNA are sequences critical for gene regulation, and new experimental strategies are...

    Authors: Jean-François Schmouth, Mauro Castellarin, Stéphanie Laprise, Kathleen G Banks, Russell J Bonaguro, Simone C McInerny, Lisa Borretta, Mahsa Amirabbasi, Andrea J Korecki, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Gary Wilson, Lisa Dreolini, Steven JM Jones, Wyeth W Wasserman, Daniel Goldowitz, Robert A Holt…
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:106
  20. Color traits in animals play crucial roles in thermoregulation, photoprotection, camouflage, and visual communication, and are amenable to objective quantification and modeling. However, the extensive variatio...

    Authors: Suzanne V Saenko, Jérémie Teyssier, Dirk van der Marel and Michel C Milinkovitch
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:105
  21. Wnt6 is an evolutionarily ancient member of the Wnt family. In Drosophila, Wnt6 loss-of-function animals have not yet been reported, hence information about fly Wnt6 function is lacking. In wing discs, Wnt6 is ex...

    Authors: Nikolaos Doumpas, Gáspár Jékely and Aurelio A Teleman
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:104

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Biology 2015 13:100

  22. Monogenic gain-of-function protein aggregation diseases, including Huntington’s disease, exhibit substantial variability in age of onset, penetrance, and clinical symptoms, even between individuals with simila...

    Authors: Tali Gidalevitz, Ning Wang, Tanuja Deravaj, Jasmine Alexander-Floyd and Richard I Morimoto
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:100
  23. Innate immune responses are evolutionarily conserved processes that provide crucial protection against invading organisms. Gene activation by potent NF-κB transcription factors is essential both in mammals and Dr...

    Authors: Widad Dantoft, Monica M Davis, Jessica M Lindvall, Xiongzhuo Tang, Hanna Uvell, Anna Junell, Anne Beskow and Ylva Engström
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:99
  24. Some of the most marked temporal fluctuations in species abundances are linked to seasons. In theory, multispecies assemblages can persist if species use shared resources at different times, thereby minimizing...

    Authors: Hideyasu Shimadzu, Maria Dornelas, Peter A Henderson and Anne E Magurran
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:98
  25. The new field of viral dynamics, based on within-host modeling of viral infections, began with models of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but now includes many viral infections. Here we review developments ...

    Authors: Alan S Perelson and Ruy M Ribeiro
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:96
  26. Analyzing and understanding the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes is at the heart of genetics. Research on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been instrumental for unraveling genotype-phenotype r...

    Authors: Rita JM Volkers, L Basten Snoek, Caspara J van Hellenberg Hubar, Renata Coopman, Wei Chen, Wentao Yang, Mark G Sterken, Hinrich Schulenburg, Bart P Braeckman and Jan E Kammenga
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:93
  27. Subterranean blind mole rats (Spalax) are hypoxia tolerant (down to 3% O2), long lived (>20 years) rodents showing no clear signs of aging or aging related disorders. In 50 years of Spalax research, spontaneous t...

    Authors: Irena Manov, Mark Hirsh, Theodore C Iancu, Assaf Malik, Nick Sotnichenko, Mark Band, Aaron Avivi and Imad Shams
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:91
  28. Most eukaryotic species represent stable karyotypes with a particular diploid number. B chromosomes are additional to standard karyotypes and may vary in size, number and morphology even between cells of the s...

    Authors: Vladimir A Trifonov, Polina V Dementyeva, Denis M Larkin, Patricia CM O’Brien, Polina L Perelman, Fengtang Yang, Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith and Alexander S Graphodatsky
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:90
  29. In HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), virus particles assemble primarily on intracellularly sequestered plasma membrane domains termed intracellular plasma membrane-connected compartment...

    Authors: Petra Mlcochova, Annegret Pelchen-Matthews and Mark Marsh
    Citation: BMC Biology 2013 11:89
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